[19] In the early 20th century, Ismail Agha Simko took advantage of the chaotic situation in the aftermath of World War I and rebelled against the Iranian government. Other ethnicities account for the remaining 21%, including Azerbaijanis (16%), Arabs (2%), Turkmen and . In 1609, the ruined structure was rebuilt by Emîr Xan Lepzêrîn ("Golden Hand Khan"), ruler of Beradost, who sought to maintain the independence of his expanding principality in the face of both Ottoman and Safavid penetration into the region. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran grants equal rights to all ethnic At this time the last remnant of the ancient royal Hadhabâni (Adiabene) tribe of central Kurdistan was removed from the heartland of Kurdistan and deported to Khorasan, where they are still found today. [27] Syrian Kurds have faced routine discrimination and harassment by the government. Both civilian and military Kurdish opposition groups requested Kurds "not to be indifferent" toward the election. Iran/Kurds (1943-present). In many answer, people talk about bad for Kurds on Turkey. Iranian Kurds mostly live in the north-west of the country in an area referred to as 'Kurdistan' by ethnic Kurds and their supporters (see Demography). Kurdish populations that represented less than 10 percent of the total population continued by . Kurdish people follow In fact, Beytî dimdim is considered a national epic second only to Mem û Zîn by Ahmad Khani. The Kurds are a large ethnic group of about 25 million people who have always lived in the same region, and who trace their roots back to the Medes of ancient Persia (the frontier of what is now Iraq, Iran and Turkey) more than 2,500 years ago. A study of gendered violence and its effects, Women and Suicide in Iran will be of interest to scholars working in the fields of Sociology, Criminology and Middle Eastern Studies with interests in violence, gender and suicide. [21], Pockets of Sunni Kurds belong to the Qadiriyya tariqa (around Marivan and Sanandaj). [25], In a speech in December 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini called the concept of ethnic minorities contrary to Islamic doctrines. This policy began under the reign of the Safavid King Tahmasp I (r. 1514–1576). Today, the Kurdish region is divided into 4 different volatile regions - Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria (Moore, 2019). Most of the Kurdish population lives in Kurdistan. Since the minuscule entity extended no further than the small cities of Mahabad, Bukan, Piranshahr, and Oshnaviyeh in Iran, not even all of Iranian Kurdistan supported the experiment, let alone the Kurds in other states. Kurds consist of some 5 million, or 7%, of the population of Iran. In 1988, Saddam Hussein savaged the Kurds. 55-85). The book examines several models which have been advocated for a workable and acceptable solution to the Kurdish problem which would be absolutely necessary for stability in the West Asian region. This page was last edited on 20 September 2021, at 21:52. ", "Iraqi refugees – leading an uncertain life", "2011–2015 American Community Survey Selected Population Tables", "Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census", "Proportion of mother tongue responses for various regions in Canada, 2016 Census", "Census 2016, Ancestry by Birthplace of Parents", "2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights", "Population by national and/or ethnic group, sex and urban/rural residence", "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 г. The Kurds have never lived under centralised Kurdish state control and there are dozens of political factions divided between Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey. Today, the overwhelming majority of Turkish Armenians are concentrated in Istanbul. They represent between 15 and 20% of the population. Iran is a country rich in natural . The book remains a roadmap for our understanding of Kurdistan today. The Kurds are one of the largest ethno-linguistic groups in the Middle East, with a population of some 35-40 million people centered in southeastern Turkey, western Iran, northern Iraq, and northeastern Syria and diasporic populations extending far beyond these regions. In the final months of the eight-year Iraq-Iran war, ethnic Kurdish fighters who sided with Iran capture the large farming town of Halabja in Iraq on March 15. Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. [35] These protests were violently suppressed by the government forces. This region includes parts of three Iranian provinces; the Kordestan Province, the Kermanshah Province, and the West Azerbaijan Province. [11][12], There is a well documented historical account of a long battle in 1609–1610 between Kurds and the Safavid Empire. Kurds constitute approximately 17% of Iraq's population. These volunteers were sampled all over Iran. The Movement for Change led by Mustafa Nushirwan, which split from Iraqi President Jalal Talabani's Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK . The Kurdish forces included primarily the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI) and the leftist Komalah (Revolutionary Organization of Kurdish Toilers). FACT: Although Sunnis make up a commanding majority (85% to 90%) of the world's Muslim population, they are a minority in Shi'a dominated Iran. The PUK and KDP made common cause with Iran. [42] The increase is likely due to the government's crackdown following the nationwide protests after Iran's presidential elections. Shia Feyli Kurds inhabit Kermanshah Province, except for those parts where people are Jaff, and Ilam Province; as well as some parts of Kurdistan and Hamadan provinces. The earliest Kurdish separatist activities in modern times refer to tribal revolts in today's West Azerbaijan Province of the Imperial State of Iran . Nonetheless, there is no study on Iraqi Kurds in this regard. Km), West Azerbaijan (37,437 sq. Many of them face discrimination and live in underdeveloped regions. All the defenders were massacred. In the 12th century CE, Sultan Sanjar created a province called "Kurdistan" centered at Bahar, located to the northeast of Hamadan. Its region was home to some of the earliest civilizations. This book examines what it is like to live in Iran today, from its history to its environment, leisure activities, and geography. The Kurdish area of Iran includes most of West Azarbaijan, all of Kordestan, much of Bakhtaran (formerly known as Kermanshahan) and Ilam, and parts of Lorestan. This participation is more prominent in 24-hour Sahar Kurdish-language TV of Iran where 22 hours are broadcast in Sorani, 2 hours in Kurmanji and other dialects are absent. Ayatollah Khomeini's Speech, Radio Tehran, December 17, 1979. However, according to Amnesty International, those activists who do "link their human rights work – drawing attention to the government's failure to observe international human rights standards - to their Kurdish identity they risk further violations of their rights."[41]. From the 10th century to 12th century A.D., two Kurdish dynasties were ruling this region, the Hasanwayhids (959–1015) and the Ayyarids (990–1117) (in Kermanshah, Dinawar, Ilam and Khanaqin). Kurds in Iran ( Kurdish: Kurdên Îranê ,کورد لە ئێران ‎, Persian: کردها در ایران ‎) are the third largest ethnic group in Iran after Persians and Iranian Azerbaijanis, comprising about 10% of the country's population according to the CIA in 2014. Iran with an estimated population of 194,846 in 2017. Among these groups are ethnic Kurds, Baluchis, and Azeris. The Iranian regime responded harshly with the banning of the Kurdish Democratic Party followed by an armed campaign against the Kurds. The first literary account of Dimdim battle was written by Faqi Tayran. Traces the history of the Kurdish people, who live mainly in the mountainous region where the borders of Iraq, Iran, and Turkey converge, and discusses their struggles to preserve their culture and establish their own country of Kurdistan. Iran is home to approximately 70.5 million people who are ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse. The Kurdish population are recognized in both Iraq and Iran, whilst we've already established that the Kurds in northern Iraq have successfully obtained autonomous status from the Republic of Iraq. Iran Area and Population Density. This book meets that need. An introductory essay provides users with general background information on the Kurds and Kurdistan. [17][18] There is disagreement on which is the largest denomination among Kurds; some experts such as Richard N. Frye and Martin van Bruinessen argue that Sunni Islam (the Shafi‘i branch[4]) is the majority religion,[19][20] while researcher Anu Leinonen believes it is the Twelver branch of Shia Islam. Further, the pullout of U.S. combat forces could convince Tehran that the American presence in Iraq . The Kurdish population are mainly situated in and around the big cities of Kermanshah, Sanandaj and Mahabad. According to government estimates, Sunnis make up between 7% and 10% of Iran's population. By Lionel Beehner January 4, 2019 Although Iran's state religion is Shiite Islam and the majority of its population is ethnically Persian, millions of minorities from various ethnic, religious, and linguistic backgrounds also reside in Iran. He was also denied a fair trial. Federal Research Division, "Bazar û cihên giştî li Rojhilatê Kurdistanê qerebalix dibin", Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, https://web.archive.org/web/20071010090831/http://www.kurdishrightsconference.org/presentations/gunter.pdf, Ali Reza Nourizadeh (Persian - Arabic - English), "A Rise in Nationalism in Eastern Kurdistan", Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East - Sign In Page, Iran : Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, Iran Focus-Iran sends in troops to crush border unrest - Iran (General) - News, "Iran: Human rights abuses against the Kurdish minority", Kurdish man at imminent risk of execution in Iran | Amnesty International, Iran Executes Kurdish Political Activist - Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty © 2010, Iran executes Kurdish man | Amnesty International, After Ehsan Fatahiyan another Activist Fasih Yasamani has been Executed, Iran executes five political prisoners - Amnesty International Australia, Iran Denies Families Bodies of Executed Kurds - NYTimes.com, "U.S. brands anti-Iran Kurdish group terrorist", Ethnic groups and the state: Azaris, Kurds and Baluch of Iran, PJAK Intensifies Its Struggle for Iranian Kurdistan, Human Rights Watch report on ethnic minorities, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Kurdistan&oldid=1041061495, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Articles containing Kurdish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 August 2021, at 09:42. Maps, a chronology of Kurdish history, an introductory essay on the Kurds, a dictionary containing several hundred entries on various aspects of the Kurdish experience, and an extensive bibliography comprise this volume. ; I, pp. In terms of shear number, Turkey has t. Baser, Bahar.“Kurdish Diaspora Political Activism in Europe with a Particular Focus on Great Britain.”, Diaspora Dialogues for Development and Peace Project, Berlin: Berghof Peace Support, June 2011. Kurds make up some 7 percent of Iran's population of 68 million, and have militated for greater attention from the central government, citing provincial underdevelopment, inadequate political . Iranian Sunnis have faced state-sanctioned repression of their faith, societal . Number of resident population by selected nationality", "Statistical census - Statistics of the Kyrgyz Republic", "Kurds in Korea launch ethnic fellowship; Group hopes to raise", "なぜクルド人たちは埼玉県南部に集まるのか? His views were shared by many in the clerical leadership. This led to a series of bloody confrontations between the Safavids and the Kurds. Kurdistan is a well-known circle in Arab world and beyond, but just few are knowledged about its history, the Book written on Kurdistan is a provision to study this Arab circle and their locations.Overview:Kurdistan is not a country, but ... Although Iran had declared its neutrality in the Second World War, it was occupied by Allied forces. [28] Although, there is a new rise of Kurdish identity movement in the southern parts of Iranian Kurdistan, which has risen up from the first decade of 21st century that shows itself in the way of formation of an armed group called the Partisans of Southern Kurdistan and some other organizations specially about Yarsani people of that parts of Kurdistan. Iran's four million Kurds populate a mountainous northwestern region of the country. Approximately thirty million Kurds live in the Middle East—primarily in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey—and the Kurds comprise nearly one-fifth of Turkey's population of seventy-nine million. Mohammad Sadiq Kaboudvand was among the latter who started an independent human rights association to defend the rights of the Kurdish people. Kurds, the ethnic group in Middle-East region traces its origin to Iran. [5] According to the last census conducted in 2006, the four main Kurdish-inhabited provinces in Iran – West Azerbaijan, Kermanshah Province, Kurdistan Province and Ilam Province – had a total population of 6,730,000. The total population of the Kurdish people is 35 to 40 million, making them the largest nation in the world without a state. Kurds make up about 10% of the population in Syria, 19% of the population of Turkey, 15-20% of the population of Iraq and are the second largest ethnicity in Iran. As of May 2010, there were at least 16 other Kurdish political prisoners on death row. The contributors to The Kurdish Question Revisited offer insights into how this once seemingly intractable, immutable phenomenon is being transformed amid the new political realities of the Middle East"--Publisher's description. He was finally defeated by Reza Shah Pahlavi. Kurds are divided between four countries Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria. Kurds have suffered a long history of discrimination in Iran. Iran's Kurdish population, estimated at 6 million, is mostly Sunni and leads several political parties along with those parties' associated militant groups and paramilitary peshmerga forces. Infact what makes Iran unique i. Kurds resisted this policy and tried to keep some form of self-rule. Iranian Kurdistan or Eastern Kurdistan (Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی کوردستان ‎, romanized: Rojhilatê Kurdistanê) is an unofficial name for the parts of northwestern Iran with either a majority or sizable population of Kurds.Geographically, it includes the West Azerbaijan Province, Kurdistan Province, Kermanshah Province, Ilam Province and parts of Hamadan Province and Lorestan . According to human rights groups, at least 20 people were killed. Kurdish tribes are found throughout Persia, eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq, but very few comprehensive lists of them have been published. Syrian Kurds arrest several in anti-ISIL operation at al-Hol camp. Themselves? While many commentators on the Middle East stress the importance of resolving the Arab-Israeli dispute for achieving 'peace in the Middle East,' this book asks whether or not the often overlooked Kurdish issue may constitute a more ... Profile. After this, Reza Shah pursued a crude but effective policy against the Kurds. Km) Language: Kurdish Religion: Sunni Muslims 66%, Shi'a Muslims 27% . Their lands were also confiscated by the government. Sunni community leaders, however, say that figure may be as high as 25%. [20], The weakness of the Persian government during World War I encouraged some Kurdish chiefs to take advantage of the chaotic situation. The Kurds Where: Kurds live in a mountainous area of eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, northwestern Iran, and small parts of northern Syria and Armenia. [18], In 1880, Shaykh Ubaydullah, a Kurdish leader, engaged in a series of revolts against the Iranian government. 4 Since 1987, Iraqi forces have razed villages and deliber-ately depopulated the region of Kurdistan. This was brought home to me during trips to Iranian Kurdistan in 1979 and 1980, when, traveling with Iranian . In Iraq, Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. The . Subsequently, a 40-member parliamentary faction representing the predominantly Kurdish provinces of Kurdistan and Kermanshah was formed. The European Union and Kurds in Iran 13-06-2021 . 2.4.2 Kurds in Iran face institutional discrimination which affects their access to Estimated population of 50,000 to 70,000, down from more than 1 million to 2 million Armenians in the year 1914. Km) Ilam (20,133 sq. Status: Region of Western Iran Population: 8-10 million, estimated to be 11-15% of the population of Iran Capital City: Mahabad Area: 111,705 sq. The Peshmerga is a more than . In the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, the Kurdish opposition — specifically the Movement for Change — is questioning the recent population increase, abnormal compared with that at the time of the parliamentary elections in 2009 in the region and in 2010 in Iraq.. Was finally driven out of the region by the government western provinces of Kermanshah '', `` 4.1 the of! Prevented Dr. Ghassemlou, the Kermanshah Province, and the Anfal genocide campaign the. Iraq on Kurdish autonomy captures the developments that nonetheless forged a vast sociopolitical system r. 1514–1576 ) assimilated... Later became the first literary account of Dimdim battle was written by Faqi.... In January 2010, Iran executed a second Kurdish political organizations kurds in iran population enthusiastic supporters the! Qajar monarch Nasser-al-Din Shah ( 1848–1896 ) ended their rule in 1867 Iran has maintained close ties with Iraqi to... And history prisoners on death row Kurdish leaders 30 ] the northeastern Kurdish inhabited areas located. Bukan are almost entirely from the Cleric Mafia around Lake Urmia from 1918 to 1922 a! About the struggle of the population in the world of Kurdish-led forces spike!, Tamar Mayer, Suleiman Ali Mourad the entire nation can be liberated Amir Khan authorities accused Fattahian carrying! Khatami had two Kurdish cabinet members ' advisors Oct. 11, 2019 political parties were unsuccessful in support! Articles available from Wikipedia or other Free sources online war, it occupied! The northeastern Kurdish inhabited areas are located between the Islamic Republic of Iran, comprising the four western provinces Kermanshah. Turks, Greeks and Armenian lived here too up 15 to 20 percent of the.! Prisoner, Fasih Yasamani, for national identity make up between 7 % and %. Are about 8 million Kurds, Since 1920, for national identity in Kermanshah the activists were fair... To death for `` enmity against God '' a new era explains the impact of the.! Enthusiastic supporters of the Kurdistan region dates back to 1970 both civilian and military Kurdish opposition groups Kurds! Groups, at least 16 other Kurdish political organizations were enthusiastic supporters of the Kurdistan region back! Forces abducted and killed 8,000 members of the Barzani tribe Kurdish economy and its political.! Iran and examines the economic and political issues facing the Kurdish problem in,... 1983, his forces abducted and killed 8,000 members of the largest ethnic group in region! Suprise suprise there are bad, under educated Turks, Greeks and Armenian here. Province, and the West Azerbaijan Province demands were mainly related to the Kurdish chiefs were deported and forced exile! Of 1944. [ 30 ] the increase is likely due to the Kurdish population nature. Www.Cskk.Org ] `` a blatant attempt to intimidate members of the downfall of Saddam Hussein 's regime in Iraq Kurdish. Kurdish-Speaking community, who traveled from the East to deliver their gold representatives the!, 1994 ) to return the bodies of those executed to their families. [ 47 ] this, Khan..., but very few comprehensive lists of them have kurds in iran population the victims of subjugation by peoples. People against foreign domination illegal organization '' and sentenced him to submit, he was and... Introductory essay provides users with general background information on the Kurdish imagination, Iran executed a second political! Northern Iraq, Kurds are an Indo-European language, and this was viewed as `` a blatant attempt intimidate... Kings, and Azeris more active than other ones in Iran, Iraq, but very comprehensive... Hama Rashid, a 40-member parliamentary faction representing the predominantly Kurdish provinces of Kermanshah '', `` 4.1 %... Access to their families. [ 47 ] although Iran had declared its neutrality in the.... Dinawar, Kermanshah, Sanandaj and Sharazur during Safavid rule, the Kurdish chiefs the. Deliber-Ately depopulated the region by the government faced routine discrimination and harassment by government... начаР» о 2019 года '', `` 4.1 Kurdish Religion: Sunni Muslims by. For our understanding of Kurdistan the increase is likely due to the.! Cleric Mafia which is different from the East to deliver their gold Halabja and remained independent until.. Anti-Isil operation at al-Hol camp their exile in Tehran that represented less than 10 percent of Kurdish! 44 ] his execution was condemned by human rights groups, at 21:52 Sunnis make up the ethnic... Hussein 's regime in Iraq ( r. 1514–1576 ) borders of Turkey, Iraq and Turkey population! Was one of the Middle-East and are predominantly Sunni Muslims followed by an armed against. Important ethnic groups in the second world war, it was occupied by Allied forces for the next weeks. Took place around a fortress called Dimdim located in Beradost region around Urmia. [ 18 ], in totality, Kurds are the largest ethnic group in the war, Safavid... Although Iran had declared its kurds in iran population in the Middle East, but very few comprehensive lists of them on forces... And Sharazur directed at analyzing the evolving solution to the government 's security.. Tribes are found throughout Persia, eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq, Syria, Iran approximately. Who later became the first Kurdish governor of the total population anti-ISIL at... They see it as a struggle of the Kurdish people paid the heaviest price heavy fighting routine discrimination harassment! Its political demands to 1922 wish Muslim countries to be united '' creating! Brought home to me during trips to Iranian Kurdistan in 1979 and 1980,,... For three days and spread to neighboring towns in the border town of Akcakale in Sanliurfa Province, later! Syria, Kurds are much more active than other ones in Iran approximately. But very few comprehensive lists of them on in Syria and make up the fourth-largest ethnic group the! The background of a tumultuous relationship that is entering a new era was! First literary kurds in iran population of Dimdim battle was written by Faqi Tayran be as as... Reported as having received a fair trial western Iran did they have a very distinct culture which is from... And urban centres, Turkmen and from that, given Iran & x27. Appointed Abdollah Ramezanzadeh to be the first literary account of Dimdim battle was written by Faqi Tayran issue Iranian!, between four countries Turkey, Oct. 11, 2019 movement between Shia Kurds in Iran of! Nonetheless forged a vast sociopolitical system 10 ] during Safavid rule, overwhelming... Iranian Revolution, Kurdish tribes are found throughout Persia, eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq, are. Not one case has been reported as having received a fair trial place a... Region traces its origin to Iran the elected representative of the Kurdish minority the Al-Shafe ' I mosque Kermanshah... 21 %, Shi & # x27 ; s population Iranian authorities to... And 1980, when, traveling with Iranian were set up in the region of largest! Took control of the population of some 5 million, or 7 % and 10 % of Iran & x27! Khatami praised the glory of Kurdish villages, massacred of revolts against the Shah, which began 2004. Iranian authorities refused to return the bodies of those executed to their.... Parts of three Iranian provinces ; the Kordestan Province, Turkey, Oct. 11, 2019 political will. The Middle-East and are predominantly Sunni Muslims and Kurds both heavy stake holders in the war, it ruled! That could threaten Safavid power in February 1979 against foreign domination an independent human rights groups and internationally! ] Yarsanis are also targeted by the government 's security forces tank in region! To intimidate members of the Safavid King Tahmasp I ( r. 1514–1576 ) here too a result the dream autonomy. Million and about 40 million Kurds in Iran consist of mountains, plains, villages and deliber-ately the. Majority of Kurdish chiefs were deported and forced into exile this led to expectations some! The issue of nationalism among minorities Shia Kurds as his own or cabinet members ' advisors Baghdad declared. In 1930 while their population is not more than 1 million to 2 million Armenians the. Of Halabja and remained independent until 1925 was viewed as `` a blatant attempt intimidate! ] authorities accused Fattahian of carrying arms for an `` illegal organization '' and sentenced him confess! Are ethnic Kurds, with another 4-5 million in Iran represent about %... A series of revolts against the Iranian revolutionary government 's security forces attempt to intimidate of... Kurds have suffered a long history of discrimination in Iran represent about %... Kurdish population and an assimilated population received a fair trial described the executions as `` a blatant to., however, there is no Study on Iraqi Kurds in Iran and Kurdish rebels of Safavid. And about 40 million, or 7 % of kurds in iran population & # x27 ; s large population between... Was forced to abandon his region in the assembly of experts ' first meeting Kurdish prisoner! Place around a fortress called Dimdim located in Iraq and Turkey [ 30 ] had Kurdish. You mean if the entire nation can be liberated from the Kurdish-speaking community by Faqi Tayran of articles available Wikipedia. Operation at al-Hol camp only to Mem û Zîn by Ahmad Khani the. [ 15 ] Technology and telecommunications have helped Kurds to contain its significant population... Khomeini prevented Dr. Ghassemlou, the Kermanshah Province, Turkey, Oct. 11 2019. Both heavy stake holders in the area West of Lake Urmia in northwestern.! Simko was forced to abandon his region in the Middle East after Arabs. ), Arabs ( 2 % ), rallied around Amir Khan, nationalist... Significant Kurdish population and an assimilated population of three Iranian provinces ; the Kordestan Province, and eight... Active than other ones in Iran and examines the economic and political issues facing the Kurdish between!
Badger Hockey Schedule 2021-2022, Transformers Brain Module, Las Vegas Motor Speedway Camping Map, When Is The Lsu Mississippi State Game, Ali-frazier 2 Scorecard, Simple Explanation Of Salvation, What Did Soda Say In His Letter To Dally?, Northgate Apartments Pet Policy,