The record says: They came, therefore, in a body to James, and said: "We entreat thee, restrain the people: for they have gone astray in their opinions about Jesus, as if he were the Christ. The ossuary was exhibited at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, late that year; but on June 18, 2003, the Israeli Antiquities Authority published a report concluding, based on an analysis of the patina, that the inscription is a modern forgery. (Mark 16:1). And so he suffered martyrdom; and they buried him on the spot, and the pillar erected to his memory still remains, close by the temple. Mary of Nazareth and Mary of Clopas also need not be literally sisters, in light of the usage of the said words in Greek, Hebrew and Aramaic. James was put to death in Jerusalem by the Sanhedrin in 62. Clement of Alexandria (late 2nd century) wrote in the sixth book of his Hypotyposes that James the Just was chosen as a bishop of Jerusalem by Peter, James (the Greater) and John: "For they say that Peter and James and John after the ascension of our Saviour, as if also preferred by our Lord, strove not after honor, but chose James the Just bishop of Jerusalem. For Hegesippus records that Clopas was a brother of Joseph. The Gospel of Thomas relates that the disciples asked Jesus, after his resurrection and before his Ascension, "We are aware that you will depart from us. Catholic interpretation generally holds that James, the younger is the same James mentioned in Mark 16:1 and Matthew 27:56 and it is to be identified with James, the son of Alphaeus and James, the brother of Jesus. Clopas is mentioned in John 19:25, as the husband of Mary, who is without doubt identical with Mary the mother of James (the little) and of Joses; mentioned in Matthew 27:56, Mark 15:40, &c. If Hegesippus' account be accepted as trustworthy (and there is no reason for doubting it), Symeon was the son of Clopas and Mary, and therefore brother of James the Little and Joses. Known unto God are all his works from the beginning of the world. Hegesippus (c.110–c.180), wrote five books (now lost except for some quotations by Eusebius) of Commentaries on the Acts of the Church. IV. (Mark 15:40). Riddle, M.B., "Introductory Notice To Pseudo-Clementine Literature", Ernest Cushing Richardson and Bernhard Pick, eds. [696] Hegesippus, quoted below in Bk. 32. The author of the Epistle of Jude notes that he is a brother of James in that epistle's opening paragraph. [21] There is no mention of James in the Gospel of John or the early portions of the Acts of the Apostles. The reason of Symeon's appointment as given by Hegesippus is quite significant. Paul’s loyalty was to the “mother church” or community of saints in Jerusalem. [50], The Apocryphon of James, the sole copy of which was found in the Nag Hammadi library and which may have been written in Egypt in the 3rd century,[51] recounts a post-resurrection appearance of the risen Christ to James and Peter that James is said to have recorded in Hebrew. After the martyrdom of James and the conquest of Jerusalem which immediately followed, it is said that those of the apostles and disciples of the Lord that were still living came together from all directions with those that were related to the Lord according to the flesh (for the majority of them also were still alive) to take counsel as to who was worthy to succeed James. 23. chap. Then this combined feast transferred to May 3 in the current ordinary calendar. Origen's Commentary on Matthew 10.17 in, Schaff: "Hegesippus, who lived near the apostolic age, in the fifth book of his Commentaries, writing of James, says 'After the apostles, James the brother of the Lord surnamed the Just was made head of the Church at Jerusalem. After saying that James the Less is the same as James, the son of Mary of Cleophas, wife of Alphaeus and sister of Mary the Lord's mother, Jerome describes in his work De Viris Illustribus that James "the brother of the Lord" is the same as James, the son of Alpaheus and Mary of Cleophas: James, who is called the brother of the Lord, surnamed the Just, the son of Joseph by another wife, as some think, but, as appears to me, the son of Mary sister of the mother our Lord Mary of Cleophas of whom John makes mention in his book (John 19:25)[41]. 218-222, Eisenman, Robert (2002), James, the Brother of Jesus" (Watkins), Hill D., The Gospel of Matthew, p80 (1972) Marshall, Morgan and Scott:London, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (, Constantine Zalalas: Holy Theotokos: Apologetic Study, This position is articulated in footnotes of the, Ante-Nicean Fathers, ed. Following the second destruction of Jerusalem and the rebuilding of the city as Aelia Capitolina, subsequent bishops were Greeks. [68] Rather, something like "sons of the mother of Jesus" would have been used to indicate a common mother. (In what I am writing to you, before God, I do not lie!) He was a cousin, as they say, of the Saviour. Church of St. James of Jerusalem at Mullaghbrack, County Armagh is a friendly Christian community where we welcome others to join us in our … Scholars and theologians who assert this point out that Jesus was called "the son of Mary" rather than "a son of Mary" in his hometown (Mark 6:3).[9]. 22, below) says that "Symeon was appointed the second bishop, whom all proposed as the cousin of our Lord." James, along with the others named "brothers" of Jesus, are said by others to have been Jesus' cousins. Some apocryphal gospels testify to the reverence Jewish followers of Jesus had for James. He puts Symeon's accession after the destruction of Jerusalem, but he evidently does that only because he supposed that it followed immediately upon the death of James. The identification of James as the son of Alpheus was perpetuated into the 13th century in the hagiography the Golden Legend of Jacobus de Varagine.[76][77]. Some (e.g. [citation needed], The pseudepigraphical Second Apocalypse of James names James's father Theudas rather than Joseph, who is presented as the biological father of James by the mid 2nd century Protevangelium of James. [69] Furthermore, the Greek words adelphos and adelphe were not restricted to the meaning of a literal brother or sister in the Bible, nor were their plurals. The Pauline epistles and the later chapters of the Acts of the Apostles portray James as an important figure in the Christian community of Jerusalem. 6 then he appeared to above five hundred brethren at once, of whom the greater part remain until now, but some are fallen asleep; The oldest section of the church was built in 420 AD, and it is claimed that the head of Saint James the Great and the body of the Lesser St. James are buried here. The Pauline epistles, from about the sixth decade of the 1st century, have two passages mentioning a James. 12, note 14). Unfortunately, the Church was closed when we arrived, but it is said to be one of the most beautiful and ornately decorated churches in the Holy Land. In the preceding verse, the same Greek word "adelphos" (brother) is used, but not in a blood-relation sense: Then he appeared to more than five hundred brothers at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have fallen asleep. James and his siblings were not children of Mary but were Joseph's children from a previous marriage. 7 then he appeared to James; then to all the apostles; 8 and last of all, as to the [child] untimely born, he appeared to me also.[31]. [73][74], These two works of Hippolytus are often neglected because the manuscripts were lost during most of the church age and then found in Greece in the 19th century. The two are included in an appendix to the works of Hippolytus in the voluminous collection of Early Church Fathers.[75]. There is no objection to the conclusion that Clopas and Joseph were own brothers, although it cannot be proved from Hegesippus' words that they were more than brothers-in-law. And so he ruled the church of Jerusalem thirty years, that is, until the seventh year of Nero. In the dialogue, Peter speaks twice (3:12; 9:1) but misunderstands Jesus. In A.D. 58 Paul visited Jerusalem in company with Luke and Trophimus, an Ephesian. The testimony of the early Church confirms James the Just’s position and importance. On the contrary, when they saw that I had been entrusted with the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as Peter had been entrusted with the gospel to the circumcised (for he who worked through Peter for his apostolic ministry to the circumcised worked also through me for mine to the Gentiles), and when James and Cephas and John, who seemed to be pillars, perceived the grace that was given to me, they gave the right hand of fellowship to Barnabas and me, that we should go to the Gentiles and they to the circumcised. ", "Hegesippus (Roberts-Donaldson translation)", "Eusebius Church History Book 2:1 quoting Clement of Alexandria's Sixth Hypotyposes", New Testament Apocrypha: Gospels and related writings, "Gospel of Thomas (Lambdin Translation) -- The Nag Hammadi Library", "American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese of North America - The Protoevangelium of St. James", Bechtel, Florentine. IV. “And when we were come to Jerusalem, the brethren received us gladly. It has three mentions of a James. He was an early leader of the Jerusalem Church of the Apostolic Age. Tasker[57] and D. Hill,[58] say the Matthew 1:25 statement that Joseph "knew her not until she had brought forth her firstborn son" to mean that Joseph and Mary did have normal marital relations after Jesus' birth, and that James, Joses, Jude, and Simon, were the natural sons of Mary and Joseph and, thus, half brothers of Jesus. [696]. James's name always appears first in lists, which suggests he was the eldest among them. (Ben Witherington suggests what is meant by this was that James's bones were taken by the early Christians who had fled from Jerusalem). Near contemporary sources[which?] Upon the martyrdom of Symeon, see below, chap. (Matthew 27:56). It is noticeable that Hegesippus nowhere calls him the "brother of the Lord," though he does give James that title in Bk. Jesus said to them, "No matter where you come [from] it is to James the Just that you shall go, for whose sake heaven and earth have come to exist. These four are found in the Gospel...(Fragment X)[32], Thus James, the brother of the Lord would be the son of Alphaeus, who is the husband of Mary the wife of Cleophas or Mary the wife of Alphaeus. Among them were Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James the younger and of Joseph, and Salome. In 1990, Father Jean-Baptiste Gourion OSB, abbot of the Benedictine monastery in Abu Ghosh, was appointed by the Patriarch Mgr Michel … It is located near the Church of the Holy Archa… And they were offended at him. Church of St. James, Jerusalem: See 67 reviews, articles, and 109 photos of Church of St. James, ranked No.66 on Tripadvisor among 325 attractions in Jerusalem. Eusebius, while quoting Josephus' account, also records otherwise lost passages from Hegesippus (see links below) and Clement of Alexandria (Historia Ecclesiae, 2.23). chap. The Antioch community was concerned over whether Gentile Christians need be circumcised to be saved, and sent Paul and Barnabas to confer with the Jerusalem church. The just man is praying for us." However, The Discovery Channel's 2004 documentary James, Brother of Jesus shows the examination of the inscription's patina by the Royal Ontario Museum, using longwave ultraviolet light, and they concluded there was "nothing suspicious" about the engraving, and Golan has put out a 34-page document defending the authenticity as well. [15], James the Just was "from an early date, with Peter, a leader of the Church at Jerusalem and from the time when Peter left Jerusalem after Herod Agrippa's attempt to kill him, James appears as the principal authority who presided at the Council of Jerusalem."[16]. [56], Jerome believed that the "brothers" of the Lord were Jesus' cousins, thus amplifying the doctrine of perpetual virginity. Interpretation of the phrase "brother of the Lord" and similar phrases is divided between those who believe that Mary had additional children after Jesus and those who hold the perpetual virginity of Mary (Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, and some Protestants, such as many Anglicans and some Lutherans). [45][46][47], The Gospel of Thomas[note 9] confirms the account of Paul in 1 Corinthians regarding the risen Jesus' appearance to James. chap. 12, note 14). James of Jerusalem is referred to in the New Testament as the brother of Our Lord Jesus Christ.
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